Incident in Indian history Essay Example for Free

Incident in Indian history Essay There is a very famous incident in Indian history which serves as lesson for all rulers for all the times, some rulers take positive cues from it, mend their ways, treat themselves as servants of public and keep public interest above theirs while others who are drunk with power and arrogant in behavior, refuse to learn anything, become another example in long list of individuals whose name pops up when there is a talk about how common masses dislodged the ruling class from the throne. The incident is about a corrupt ruler’s abuse and insult of a honest, patriotic and intelligent Sanyasi. The Sanyasi takes a vow to uproot the mighty corrupt ruler and after few years gets success in his mission. The Sanyasi had honesty, integrity, patriotism few good followers as his asset and we still know that period of Indian history as golden period. You might have got the idea till now, the mighty corrupt ruler was Dhananand and the Sanyasi was Shri Vishnugupt, whom we know as Chankya. Chankya’s worthy student Chandragupta, after he conquers Magadh, also frees the motherland from clutches of foreigners. This incident came to my mind when I saw how, one year ago, the corrupt members of a particular party heaped insult after insult on a patriotic Sanyasi, who was just demanding the return of our ill-gotten money from foreign land and end of corruption in India. The corrupts were sp afraid of saffron cloths of the Sanyasi that they had to arrest him in night at 2 am, that too after talking to him and giving him assurance that they will act on his demands. But the Sanyasi wanted a concrete action from the corrupt thugs and was hoping against the hope that they will issue an ordinance on declaring the black money as national asset and those who have stashed away that money would be declared as criminals and given very hard punishment. He wanted the corrupt thugs to issue the ordinance as he has seen how they have been fooling the Anna Hazare and his team on JanLokpal bill. It’s for all of you to see how the government hasn’t passed the bill toll today, even after promising the moon. If the corrupts wanted it, they could have done that but this would have given them so much trouble because many times its they and their close ones who have stashed the black money abroad and involved in all corruption scandals. You can’t expect a thief to pass a law for his own punishment. The corrupt ruling class had to act against their loved ones after such law is passed and Indian public too, which has become aware about all the wrong doings and its effect on them, would pressurize them to act. The Supreme Court which is now acting as very much independent agency, as envisioned in constitution of India, would have got the corrupt thugs in more trouble. All these 65 years the corrupt people of political class, specially the party which ruled us the most, have looted this nation systematically. It’s them and their close one who has billions of dollars stashed away in foreign banks. This is making them so nervous that they won’t allow this to happen otherwise their queen bee will be exposed too and public in this information age would be able to see how systematically this Gandhi Nehru clan and its cronies have looted our nation. That’s why the ruling class started bribing the whole nation through easy money making mass bribing schemes such a farmer loan waiver scheme or the bigger scandal in form of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Guaranty Scheme. These mass bribery schemes have helped the corrupts to win elections but have given a big financial burden on tax payers like me and our economic progress is slowing down because of such nonproductive schemes. The ruling class knows that Indians suffer from short term memory loss. They know that Indians would just forget what these corrupt thugs have been doing now and as central elections are 2 years away, they can make fool of Indians again and through some mass bribery scheme, fanning communal violence and minority appeasement they can dream of coming to power again. These corrupt thugs don’t have long term wellbeing of India in mind and are just focused on short term gain of winning elections by hook or crook and punishing the patriots of this land to appease certain section of minorities, hiding the orruption and ego massaging of certain individuals. They tried it all in recent UP elections but it’s for the world to see how the Prince charming whole extended Gandhi clan along with great sadist Digvijay Singh failed miserably to keep even the assembly constituencies of Raibareli Amethi with grand old corrupt party. I just can’t believe that the Congress Party once had Sardar Patel and Subhash Chndra Bose as its members. Their souls must be suffering with pain and thinking that why at all they wanted freedom from British? If you don’t even have right to sit on peaceful protest and the administration can still beat up the hungry and thirsty sleeping children, women and elderly men, in middle of night than what kind of freedom and democracy is this? Don’t you think that the incident which happened with Baba Ramdev his supporters a year ago brings sad memory of Jaliawala bagh back to your mind? The situation was same, all people were doing just peaceful protest and General Dyre, a foreigner, ordered his Indian policemen to fire and kill people. The Indian policemen in his command didn’t even hesitate to kill their own peaceful countrymen and this time you have Italian, a foreigner, ordering the same thing on sleeping innocent countrymen in middle of night. The cunning politician who calls Osama Bin Laden as Osama Ji, visits the home of terrorists and cast doubts on security forces of India has guts to call a patriotic Sanyasi as thug and we all just listen, smile and look away as if it’s not your or mine problem. What kind of people we have become? Just imagine if these corrupt thugs can do such lowly acts with such an extraordinary individual as Baba Ramdev, what they could do to us or what they have been doing with this nation all these years? I don’t have any hesitation in saying that Congress party is root of all evils of India as they ruled India the most. They had golden chance of shaping India’s destiny at independence but Nehru was too westernize to think for Indian way solution. So we still have many laws which are prevalent from 1890s too, its hard to believe but its truth. If, in front of our eyes and in this information age they have been able to do scams of such a greater magnitude as Coalgte, 2G spectrum scam, Adarsh Society Scam, Food grain scam, insulting a honest patriotic army chief and many more such things, than just think what they have been doing in past? Infact the corruption started in 1947 itself by doing Geep scandal. I feel sometimes that this party is just meant for looting and siphoning away India’s wealth like the way British did for 200 years. The Nehru Gandhi Clan and many congressmen, by being close to Britishers, knew and perfected the art of divide rule and siphoning money and stashing away in foreign lands. Its because of people like these the tolerant Hindus are becoming violent in their thoughts and trying to avenge the humiliation of Bharat Mata and fellow Hindus. I think they are still thinking that young educated mass in India don’t matter as we don’t go for voting and are just arm chair or cyber activists. I know there is some truth in it and may be they may again get away with it. But I know one thing for sure that all these agitations by likes of Anna Hazare Baba Ramdev are atleast making people aware of what kind of corrupt people are ruling us. In long run this awareness will help in making India a better democracy. I urge all nationalistic like-minded Indians to start speaking and telling truth whenever wherever they get chance. We need to awaken the mass. I try to do it whenever I am in any public place such as trains, buses, local transports, in social gatherings, office talks with colleagues. I prefer travelling in sleeper class of train many times so that I get the chance to meet more and more people and make them understand the challenges in front of the nation. I make sure that everybody understands the point of view and urge them to vote in every election. I take their pledge that they will vote in all elections. It doesnt matter whom they vote for but they should vote as it’s the only way we can play part in building India. This is the war of Kurukshetra, you can’t remain neutral in this war, and you have to pick a side. By being neutral I mean that not voting and going on for picnic on voting day is not an option anymore. You will get the government that you deserve and I don’t think we deserve to be ruled by the current bunch of corrupts whose name is there in different big corruption scandals. If the educated middle class doesn’t rise to the occasion than again the next government will be decided by the people for whom the caste religion and free food or money for one day is enough for making voting choices. In recent elections you might have seen how they seized liquor money from candidates which was meant for distribution among voters. The poor illiterate village masses have been shackled so long in barriers of castes, religion, food money that they many times miss the bigger picture. So until the educated middle class who are affected by everyday corruption doesn’t take pledge to do the voting seriously, I don’t see much chance of improving the situation in India. I know we all common Indians are not like sun which can remove the darkness in one go but we are like small diyas which when placed together, have the best chance of outshining the sun. I urge all like-minded Indians to step up their protests wherever they can. It may be through blogs, through open talks, at hotels where you go for lunch or dinner, at parks, students can do it in their campus, if electronic print media isn’t doing its work and many times acting as B team of this corrupt rule than we have to play our part in saving this nations soul. If we don’t register our protest, the corrupt ruling class will feel that we don’t care about our nation and just busy with earning our money and living our life casually. its upto us now, we have to show them through our deeds that we are still awake and won’t tolerate the looting of common wealth anymore. They had played with pride of a Sanyasi who doesn’t want anything for himself. He has enough fame through his good deeds. He has enough resources to sustain himself for life long. He is not having any immediate family which is getting benefitted out of his fame. He is a patriotic Sanyasi like Chankya and the foreigner controlled ruling class should know what happened after a corrupt thug insulted and humiliated an honest and patriotic Sanyasi. Although I don’t agree with some of the points which Baba Ramdev is insisting on such a removal of big currency notes and having all education in Hindi other regional languages or bringing Dalit Christians Muslims under reservation. But his other issues are worthy causes for which we have to raise our collective voice. The ruling class is playing with a simple honest individual like Anna Hazare, who is asking nothing for himself and making a fool of him every day by one lie or another. They had played with pride of an honest army General and maligned his character by all possible means. On other hand the likes of Rajas, Chidambaram, Dayanidhi Maran, Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sharad Pawar are having time of their life and they are busy in inventing new ways of looting the public money. If we want this to be stopped than I urge you to play your part in making of this nation. It would be really late if we keep silence and allow the corrupt to play their dirty games. I think Baba Ramdev has chosen 3rd June for starting his protest as because its an historical date on which Nehru, Mountbatten Jinnah agreed to divide India on religious lines. The time has come again to fight for the cause of India and keep it united by chants of Vande Mataram. I sincerely believe that we Indians deserve much better government so that our future generations can live with pride in developed India.

How We Treat the Animals We Eat Essay Example for Free

How We Treat the Animals We Eat Essay Are the factory farms we buy our meat from treating animals humanely? Animal mistreatment is illegal and we can make a difference to put a stop to it. According to Ethical Farms â€Å"Some of the largest US factory farms refuse to uphold humane USDA and OSHA standards, having unsanitary, unhealthy conditions and animal rights violations. In 1958, the US government composed the Humane Slaughter Act that is not enforced† (Ethical Farms, 2010). There are 7 statutes in effect that comprise the Humane Slaughter Act. Included in these sections are Congress statement that livestock must be slaughtered in a humane manner to prevent needless suffering, research methods on humane methods of slaughter, the non-applicability of these statutes to religious or ritual slaughter, and the investigation into the care of non-ambulatory livestock. There are farms that follow the Humane Slaughter Act in raising their livestock that we can purchase our food from, like Humane Farms for example. By aligning our consumerism with Restaurants and grocery store chains that purchase from humane farms we can make an impact. Also, supporting an Animal Rights group like The American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals(ASPCA) or The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals(PETA) can make a big difference. You can support them either monetarily or by volunteering your time in your local area. In Chapter 17 of the Omnivore’s Dilemma (The Ethics of Eating Animals), Pollan (2006), says that â€Å"Eating meat has become morally problematic, at least for people who take the trouble to think about it. Vegetarianism is more popular than it has ever been, and animal rights is rapidly finding its way into the cultural mainstream†(p. 306). The selections offered at most markets and grocery stores have expanded quite a bit in the last decade or two in order to accommodate the consumerism of a vegetarian making it much easier to choose this kind of diet. Also many fast food and quality restaurants have added vegetarian dishes to their menu. â€Å"The general consensus has always been that humans were indeed omnivores and, whatever spiritual or moral dilemmas the killing and eating of animals posed, our various cultural traditions resolved them for us well enough. For the most part our culture has been telling us for millennia that animals were both good to eat and good to think†(p. 306). I myself have never had an aversion to eating meat. I grew up in the country and we fished for food. I visited a pig farm in school and saw a pig being born; I didn’t see anything inhumane. Until I read this book I honestly did not give eating meat a second thought. When Pollan goes back and forth to himself about how he feels right when he first killed the pig, he was very proud of his accomplishment, to how he felt when he saw the picture with the spilled blood, which was so disgusting he could not look at it. He is very graphic in his writing and gave me a clear picture of something I had never thought about. There is an unusual amount of cultural uncertainty on the subject of animals in today’s society and that may be why people tend to look the other way. Many times while researching this topic I myself read things that I think I really would rather not know. Am I willing to change my shopping and eating habits in order to help make a difference? Right now the answer is Yes! Many of us seem eager to extend the circle of our moral consideration to other species, yet in our factory farms we’re inflicting more suffering on more animals than at any time in history. Pollan also says that â€Å"In recent years medical researchers have raised questions about the good to eat part, while philosophers like Singer and organizations like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have given us new reasons to doubt meat is good to think—that is, good for our souls or our moral self-regard† (Pollan, 2006). In an article called, Mistreatment of turkeys at Willmar hatchery is alleged by Humane Society, Polta describes how the Humane Society found evidence of abuse and cruelty through an investigation and demanded that changes be made. â€Å"Nov. 24WILLMAR An undercover investigation by the Humane Society of the United States has documented what the organization alleges is routine abuse and cruelty involving newly hatched turkey chicks at Willmar Poultry Co.† The article states that â€Å"Among the allegations contained in the Humane Society of the United States report: Sick, deformed, injured and dying birds, as well as leftovers not needed for buyers orders, are routinely disposed of by being thrown alive into a grinder. Sick and injured birds are left in boxes or on the floor all day until being killed. Chicks are routinely de-beaked without first being given a painkiller. Chicks routinely have their back toes clipped off without a painkiller. The report alleges that baby turkeys get trapped and injured in conveyor belts as theyre processed for shipment to farms. It also alleges that boxes filled with poults are sometimes stacked too high or unevenly and crash to the floor, scattering and injuring the turkey chicks inside† (Polta, 2010). This source is more evidence of the kind of abuse happening in factory farms and also shows that getting outside government agencies involved to help uncover the issues and pressure them to resolve the issues is one way to help. Abuses such as this case can not and should not be tolerated throughout the livestock and factory farm industries. National and World Organizations can go a long way to oversee and create changes within the industry. In the article, VanderSpek stated that the â€Å"National Turkey Federation guidelines also comply with World Organization for Animal Health standards†(Polta, 2010). The Humane Slaughter act states: â€Å"Sec. 1901. Findings and declaration of policy The Congress finds that the use of humane methods in the slaughter of livestock prevents needless suffering; results in safer and better working conditions for persons engaged in the slaughtering industry; brings about improvement of products and economies in slaughtering operations; and produces other benefits for producers, processors, and consumers which tend to expedite an orderly flow of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that the slaughtering of livestock and the handling of livestock in connection with slaughter shall be carried out only by humane methods†(Humane Slaughter Act). These are the laws and guidelines set forth by congress and all livestock industries should abide by them. Those who do not follow the laws should be heavily penalized even as far as to shut them down until changes a re made if the situation is bad enough. One solution is that you can contact your Congressman and request that he/she take steps to implement USDA animal treatment standards. Evidence that this can make a difference is found in an article by We Care. Contrary to what PETA finds in our factory farms, in that article, I read that â€Å"every day on farms across America, pork producers demonstrate responsibility and concern for the animals in their care. Today, pigs are raised on farms designed to promote the health and well-being of animals and the safety of the food produced† (We Care). This is evidence that we can produce meat from animal factory type farms without being inhumane about it. Other livestock industries can follow this pig industry’s lead in their humane practices of raising livestock for human consumption. You can also send a letter to the USDA and urge them to uphold the Humane Slaughter Act. In an article by Ethical Farms; â€Å"Recently, Burger King implemented Humane Animal Treatment standards from their Poultry Suppliers, and stopped purchasing from factories that had excessive instances of abuse. You can also purchase meats exclusively from Humane Farms† (Ethical Farms, 2010). Taking the time to educate yourself on the companies that purchase from humane farms is important. Where we purchase our food from everyday can make a big difference. Every day, animals endure mass torture, abuse and live mutilation without any conscience from the part of the producers, for the suffering that these animals endure. When we mistreat animals, we generally also worsen conditions for people. Animal-centered diets have been associated with: heart attacks, strokes, various types of cancer, and other diseases. An article by PETA states that; â€Å"When PETA went public with the findings of an undercover investigation at a pig-breeding farm that supplies Hormel in Iowa, we called on the company to ban gestation crates—pens so small that the pregnant sows who are confined to them cant turn around or even lie down comfortably—and then introduced a shareholder resolution to that effect. Less than two years later, the meat giant has announced that it will phase out gestation crates, which cause so much suffering, by 2017† (PETA, 2012). Although they did uncover animal abuse, they were able to do something about it to make things better for the animals being abused. I think it is important that there are real consequences for the factory farms that are irresponsible and choose not to follow the laws that were made to protect all animals. I have to admit that I do not agree with the extremism that PETA takes to this cause. The ASPCA seems to be much more reasonable to me in their efforts to prevent animal abuse in any environment. They were the first humane society to be established in North America. The ASPCA actually has legal authority to investigate and make arrests for crimes against animals. I think either joining or donating to the ASPCA along with purchasing from humane farms would make a great impact on the market and further the cause to humanely treat the animals we eat! References Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivores dilemma: A natural history of four meals. New York: Penguin Books. We Care Initiative. Caring for farm animals. Retrieved from: http://www.wecareanswers.com/gj5he/index.html?gclid=CN_Zvb7M864CFSWFQAodmmvmHg Ethical Farms. (2010). Promoting cruelty free farming. Retrieved from: http://ethicalfarms.org/ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals(PETA, (2012). A Little Relief, Finally, for Hormel Pigs. Retrieved from: http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2012/02/02/progress-for-hormel-pigs.aspx Polta, A (2010). Mistreatment of turkeys at Willmar hatchery is alleged by Humane Society. Retrieved from: http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pwhAN=2W6448392763site=pov-live

Homosexuality In Schools And Education Sociology Essay

Homosexuality In Schools And Education Sociology Essay Itll be okay, Blake said to himself, Its 2010, nobody will have a problem with it. As he walked through the doors of his high school, there was a sense of belonging and that truly everything would be okay. Halfway through the day, Blake had already met a handful of nice people and decided to sit with them at lunchthis is when things took a turn for the worst. Towards the end of lunch, he told one of his new friends he was gay. Instantly, his new friends face went stark with disgust. Shortly after a group of football players walked towards the table they were sitting at and began harassing Blake until the bell rang. This is the world that gay and lesbian youth are being exposed to on an almost daily basis. There are more homosexual people in the United States than there are Asians; with those estimates you would believe that there would be more acceptance and understanding amongst society towards homosexuals. The only way to combat these vicious attacks on GLBT youth is to educate their peers as well as counselors and teachers. Given that more and more adolescents who are gay or lesbian are now coming out and identifying their sexual orientation, disregarding that American society continues to exhibit bias and even hostility toward gays and lesbians, counselors working with this population must take a proactive role in providing much needed support (Callahan, 2001). Gay and lesbian youth, according to Callahan (2001), are at greater risk for school failure and suicide. They are often harassed and need counselors who will understand while working with them without passing judgment. Court cases demonstrate the liability of schools that fail to protect gay and lesbian students from harass ment. Counselors, because of their position as student advocates, must take the lead role in identifying any and all incidents of violence, abuse, or harassment directed toward gay and lesbian students. Counselors must also help to sensitize faculty and staff to issues impacting upon gay and lesbian students while simultaneously educating heterosexual students as well. Counselors are key actors in identifying the type of resources and curricular materials that should be included in school programs to help reduce homophobia, discrimination, bias and prejudice directed at gay and lesbian students. Garbo (2001) reported on the results of a Massachusetts Department of Health study which revealed that gay and lesbian high school students, compared to their heterosexual classmates, were four times as likely to attempt suicide. In a survey of 4,000 high school students in Massachusetts, the investigators found that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are not predisposed to suicide and are no more me ntally unstable than other students. However, because students in this minority population tend to be susceptible to all types of victimization by their peers, suicidal ideation and attempts may be more commonplace than is the norm among adolescents. Anti-gay politicians and parents do not see a benefit of adequately creating informative programs for school officials dealing with homosexuality. They believe acknowledging homosexuality in such a way would further send the message that being gay or lesbian is okay. In their eyes, homosexuality is a choice and should not be accepted amongst society as a social norm. Conservative State Rep. Sally Kern was quoted saying at a Republican organization, studies show no society that has totally embraced homosexuality has lasted more than a few decades. This coincides with the logic that teaching in schools that homosexuality is okay at an early age will destroy our society from within itself. When looked through their perspective, without delving research it would seem that acknowledging homosexuals in the sense of legal rights and protection would promote more people to be homosexual. But that is not the case. During my interview with a Graduate social worker, he shed light on what is currently being implemented into schools and his thoughts on how things should be handled. He currently provides therapy services at schools in rural communities and volunteers at his local LGBT organization: This is my interview with Mr. Johnson, Myself: What is your viewpoint on harassment against homosexuality? Do you think that it is a notable issue worth spending time and money on? Mr. Johnson: My view on harassment on homosexuality well, its not just harassment against homosexuality. Its against even perceived characteristics of a sexual minority anything that varies from the most stereotypical gender norms. Mr. Johnson:Gay and faggot have become terms that get thrown around now in judgment of any less manly qualities. Mr. Johnson: So is it a notable issue worth spending time on? I say yes. Time and money. Both by way of having competent training for teachers and administration, competent counseling staff, and local community-based resources for LGBT youth to have social and emotional support. Myself: At what age do you feel it important to implement these strategies? Mr. Johnson: I volunteer with a local LGBT center and they have started to implement training in some of the local schools as early as Kindergarten, however theres been a lot of controversy with this training as they dont specifically talk about LGBT issues or terms (its focused on empathy skills). Developmentally, their sexual development isnt quite present enough to be effective at Kindergarten. Perhaps by 5th grade, concurrent with when some schools implement initial classes in sex ed., there should be general implementation of targeted curriculum on issues related to sexuality and gender identity. Myself: What are your feelings on persons who believe that informing youth of homosexuality or letting it become social norm will inevitably lead to more homosexuals? Mr. Johnson: Ha. This is hard. The issue is so engrained in the socio-political context that we have surrounding legislation, public education, and the supposed separation of church and state. I can get tied up in jargon all I want to, but sticking our tongues out and saying the opposite doesnt further the process. Mr. Johnson: I would go to the studies that demonstrate the development of sexuality and parenting (that obviously many homosexuals come from straight parents devoid of homosexual influence), studies regarding increased rates of depression, marital issues, and divorce for males who come out later in life. Myself: Do you think federal government should be involved in these improvements or local? Mr. Johnson: Its my perspective that the multiple levels of government must work to protect students. Looking at the SNDA (Student Non Discrimination Act) which currently does not protect LGBT students in their protected classes is a clear sign that the values of the country are not inherently separate from the religious values of the majority. What argument against homosexuality is there if not based on religious beliefs. That said, there should be no opposition to the SNDA expanding to include issues of gender and sexual orientation in its protection. After the interview concluded, I walked away with more knowledge than I would have expected to learn on the subject. Several studies in the literature focus on counselors responsibilities with respect to gay and lesbian high school students. Callahan (2001), for example, recommends that a key action which must be taken by school counselors is to curb any harassment directed against gay and lesbian students. Strategies for doing this include; using inclusive language, challenging anti-gay slurs, designating persons who would be supportive of this population, making resources available and visible, educating staff members, making appropriate referrals, and referring parents of gay and lesbian students to organizations like Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). Callahan (2001), along with Stone (2003), assert that the role of the counselor with gay and lesbian students is of enormous significance. This would make sense being that children always need an adult to look up to o r relate to during their adolescent years. Also noting that counselors must be educated about homosexuality to the Nth degree. Callahan (2001) claims that counselors must function as advocates who work on school curricula. Including information about gay and lesbian people to promote awareness is essential. This helps to provide gay and lesbian students with role models and to demonstrate to the mainstream population that gays and lesbians lead viable and productive lives. Counselors must support and protect sexual minority youth by making it safe for gay and lesbian students, promoting policies that protect this minority population, and develop the culturally sensitive skills needed to serve gay and lesbian students in the counseling relationship. Legal support for advocacy on behalf of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students was mandated in a May 1999 Supreme Court ruling. This ruling, coupled with recent interpretations of the Title IX statute, strengthens the position for a more humanistic school environment. School counselors both can and should take a lead role in facilitating such an environment. The Arlington Gay and Lesbian Alliance (2003), a Virginia-based advocacy group working with local public schools, strongly recommends that school counselors should be provided with additional training and education so they can become more effective in working with students from sexual minority groups. This is also the position taken by Pearson (2003) who calls for targeted seminars and courses for graduate level counseling students who intend to have careers in the public school system. In Massachusetts, the Department of Education has created a Safe Schools Program which addresses issues relevant to the safety and counseling needs of gay and lesbian students (Research notes, 2003). Counselors in this program take a lead role in developing school and district-wide programs to educate faculty and students and to provide for those policies and programs that support gay and lesbian students while creating safe school environments.

Analysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- Shirley Jackson, Th

In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the theme of the story is dramatically illustrated by Jackson’s unique tone. Once a year the villagers gather together in the central square for the lottery. The villagers await the arrival of Mr. Summers and the black box. Within the black box are folded slips of paper, one piece having a black dot on it. All the villagers then draw a piece of paper out of the box. Whoever gets the paper with the black dot wins. Tessie Hutchinson wins the lottery! Everyone then closes in on her and stones her to death. Tessie Hutchinson believes it is not fair because she was picked. The villagers do not know why the lottery continues to exist. All they know is that it is a tradition they are not willing to abandon. In â€Å"The Lottery,† Jackson portrays three main themes including tradition, treason, and violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main theme in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is tradition. Jackson conveys tradition as the main theme thought the story. â€Å"The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions; most of them were quiet, wetting their lips, not looking around.† (966). The author suggests the people of the village have been playing the lottery for several years. â€Å"The people had done is so many times... they only half listened to the directions† suggests that the people of the village have played the lottery so many times that they only half listened to the directions. Jackson also suggests that the people of the village are anxious ...

Failures in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay example -- Paper

Failures in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Arthur Miller develops a number of significant and central themes throughout the play using techniques such as characterization, setting and language. The best explored theme in the play is the theme of failure and disappointments. 'Death of a Salesman' is a modern day play about a salesman, Willy Loman, his life and his failures in a success driven society and world. He is a victim of "The American Dream" destroyed by false promises and ideals. As the play unravels we realize that he more than just a financial failure but also socially, personally and morally. These failures and faults are not only confined to him but they rub off on his family. The storyline shoots from present day to past throughout the play this does not affect the theme of Failure very much but helps us understand and realize how these failures came about. Willy's entire life is a succession of missed opportunities and chances, and he considers himself a failure because of it. At the beginning of Act 1 we see him failing to make the drive to his business appointment, so he's going to miss out on making a sale because of it. So our first impression of the man is him failing to deliver. As the play proceeds we see Willy comparing himself to his relations or friends realizing that he is even more of a failure. Willy is a failure when compared to his father. Ben asserts "that he could sell more in a week than Willy could in a lifetime". He is represented as someone who was successful in his own way as Ben tells us: 'Great inventor, father. With one gadget he made more in a week than a man like ... ... could not handle it so commits suicide. This is interesting as his death was a financial failure too as life insurance does not cover suicide. His funeral was a failure because no one apart from his close family Charlie and Bernard came. So no matter how sad it sounds but Willy Loman's life was an entire failure. Until this day Willy Loman is a symbol of failure because of society's false value system. This play is based the mid 20th century when success was achieved through hardwork and industry and wit and charm would not earn you a living and this is the main reason Willy Loman failed in life. The play is one of the great tragedies and is a very depressing experience for the audience. No matter how much Willy deserved to fail because of his poor value and morality we cannot but feel sorry for this confused man.

Congenital Cataracts in Children :: Blindness Vision Sight Essays

Congenital Cataracts in Children Cataracts are the primary cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts are the clouding of the lens. The lens is transparent and is important for the focusing of a sharp image on the retina. There are several different types of cataracts. Congenital cataracts are present at birth, and will be the focus of this paper. An eye disease causes secondary cataracts. Traumatic cataracts are caused by an injury. Finally, senile cataracts are caused by old age and are the most common form of cataracts. Cataracts can be unilateral, meaning in one eye or bilateral, in both eyes. Congenital cataracts may be partial affecting part of the lens, or complete affecting the whole lens. If they are partial and not dense enough to interfere with light transmission, congenital cataracts are quite common and often visually insignificant (Vaughan, 1989). Dense central congenital cataracts require surgery. They cause a significant loss visually and must be detected early. A parent usually can not detect these cataracts. The doctor usually detects the cataracts in the newborn nursery immediately after birth. Unilateral infantile cataracts that are central, dense, and larger than 2mm in diameter will cause permanent damage if not treated within the first 2 months of life (Vaughan, 1989). On the other hand, symmetric bilateral cataracts demand less urgent treatment (Vaughan, 1989). The main treatment is surgery, followed by lens replacement / correction, and usually completed with occlusion therapy. The surgery is called phacoemulsification. In this procedure, ultrasound vibrations of up to 40,000 cycles per second are made by a hollow tube-like instrument. It is inserted and the vibrations break up the lens into little pieces. The pieces are then sucked out through the tube (Golstein, 1999). The lens replacement/correction may be done one of two ways. An intraocular lens is a plastic lens inserted where the real lens used to be. Aphakic contact lens correction is using contact lens to improve the images to the retina. I found that an intraocular lens might be a better choice compared to glasses or contact lens because the latter two tend to enlarge the image. The brain can not combine the two images if one of them is enlarged and the other is of normal size (Goldstein, 1999). Finally, I found that most treatments end with occlusion therapy. This therapy is lik e using a patch to cover the bad eye(s). Usually, 6 to 8 hours per day were prescribed.

Light Beer versus Dark Beer

Thesis StatementThere are several differences between light beer (which include the following: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dark beer (which include Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). Some of the differences include their origins, the processes involved in making or producing it, as well as, their popularity since light beer is far more popular than dark beer.OriginBoth light and dark beer came to exist in 1772 (Chronology.. n.p.). The production of both began in 1587 when the immigrants of Virginia brewed ale through the use of corn (Chronology.. n.p.). Then twenty years after that, England sent its first shipment of beer to the immigrants of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years after that, London were already looking for brewers to assist those immigrants of Virginia; back then advertisements which states, â€Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronolog y.. n.p.). After that, the first brewery has been instituted in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.).The institution of that brewery aforementioned caused the birth of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-native American to become the first brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). In addition to that, after a few years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† along with the â€Å"West India Company† built another brewery in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been followed by another brewery which was built on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After so many breweries have been instituted, a license to open a pub in Boston has been awarded to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.).Three years later, the â€Å"first authoritatively recorded brewery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the control of Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n .p.). Then another brewery has been built located in Providence, Rhode Island which has been assigned and to be led by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Immediately following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a license to operate and brew beer in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two more breweries were set up: one in 1683 which was set up near Bristol, Pennsylvania and another one in 1738 which has been established in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). Then finally after 34 years, dark and light beer have been concocted in England (Chronology.. n.p.).Process of Making ItIn making light beer, the first stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it sprouts or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage technically referred to as â€Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then heated and dried â€Å"in order to stop the malt from germinating further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that process known as â€Å"kiln ing†, the malt may be roasted further according to preferred color and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The next step is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a mill in order for the outer coating of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).After cracking it will placed in a container then it will be poured with hot water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be broken down and released in the water and will consequently produce a sweet liquid called wort as well (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be boiled for two hours and hops will be added (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dark beer, the same processed is followed except that hops in dark beer are boiled 30 minutes or more longer (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).PopularityIt is said that college students are more likely to drink light beers. This is simply because it is easier to drink than dark ones. However, a medical breakthrough affected such popular ity of light beer because dark beer has been proven to prevent blood clots (Peck n.p.). In addition to that, it has â€Å"powerful antioxidant effects† (Fauber n.p.).ConclusionBoth light and dark beers were produced in 1772 sharing the same history. They differ, however in the process of making it since dark beers involve more time in boiling hops than in light beers. Also, in terms of popularity, although dark beers are proven to be good for the health, more people still go for light beers especially college students.ReferencesChronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/chronology.shtmlFauber, John. Dark Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News.22 October 2007http://temple-news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.wwwPeck, Peggy. Dark Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD.22 October 2007http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dark-beer-may-be-better-for-heartSF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html